Holland Tunnel Essay -- History Historical tunnels Engineering Essays

Holland Tunnel It has taken architects a great many years to consummate the craft of burrowing burrows. Today burrows give accessible space to vehicles and trains, water and sewage, even force and correspondence lines. In any case, before vehicles and trains, burrows conveyed just water. The first to utilize burrows on a significant scale were the Romans. Roman designers made the most broad system of passages in the antiquated world. The Romans assembled reservoir conduits to convey water from mountain springs to urban communities and towns; nonetheless, in numerous examples there were impediments, for example, rock arrangements, in the middle of the spring and the city of intrigue. To take care of these issues the Romans constructed burrows via cutting underground loads and building rich curve structures to convey new water into the city and wastewater out. As transportation innovation advanced the interest for burrows likewise developed, and by the seventeenth century burrows were being built for waterways. Prior to the utilization of streets or railroads to ship crude materials from the nation to the city, conduits were the most ideal approach to pull cargo over significant stretches. The significant development in burrow development accompanied the presentation of the train and the vehicle in the nineteenth and twentieth century. The primary major submerged precisely ventilated passage was the Holland burrow; it set up for all passages to follow by handling the building impediments encompassing submerged vehicle burrow traffic. With the fast ascent of the auto when the new century rolled over Hudson River ships battled to fulfill needs and were conveying 30 million vehicles every year between New York and New Jersey. In 1906 a joint commission between New York and New Jersey was made to connect the Hudson among Manhattan and Jer... ... standardize. The scaffold opened in 1927 at the time the cost was 50 pennies and the excursion took eight minutes. The passage, when it opened, was the longest submerged passage on the planet, with its north cylinder 8,558 feet in length and its south cylinder 8,371 feet in length. On its first day of activity 51,694 vehicles went through it. The all out expense of the passage was $48 million. Today, it would cost roughly $1.4 billion excluding the acquisition of the essential land from Manhattan and Jersey City. Work Cited http://www.nycroads.com/intersections/holland/, Tuesday October 2, 2004 http://www.panynj.gov/tbt/htframe.HTM, Tuesday October 2, 2004 http://www.panynj.gov/tbt/hthist.HTM, Tuesday October 2, 2004 http://www.nycroads.com/intersections/holland/, Tuesday October 2, 2004 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/wonder/structure/holland.html, Tuesday October 2, 2004

Lose Your Lover free essay sample

At the point when I thought of workmanship, I considered it to be an outflow of someones creative mind. To a limited extent, I was right, yet generally that Is not all craftsmanship speaks to. Craftsmanship speaks to the manner in which individuals respond and change In context just as In suspected. It depicts their knowledge and their comprehension of their general surroundings. It passes on the difference in both political and monetary beliefs of the individuals and how they communicate in like manner. As I would see it the most differing sorts of workmanship style are Rococo craftsmanship and Neoclassical workmanship. Ornate craftsmanship obviously demonstrated the main uncommon difference in people groups thought during the enlightenment.This style of workmanship Is frequently alluded to as Late Baroque since It occurred In counter of the past extravagant craftsmanship style. Lavish craftsmanship Is the response against the greatness, evenness and exacting guidelines of the elaborate timespan. Conversely it was funny, colorful, and elegant. We will compose a custom paper test on Lose Your Lover or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It utilized velvety, pastel-like hues and consolidated subjects, for example, sentiment, folklore, dream, and regular daily existence. This sort of craftsmanship was made for the faculties of their watcher, consequently it was light, decorative, expound, with hilter kilter structures, bends and gold.As you can see from the extraordinary complexity between lavish workmanship and early elaborate fine art, It depicts the incomparable Dallas of the individuals towards their past gaudy government since it arrived in when the white collar class was worn out on being abused and that is the means by which they revolted to such a power. Neoclassical workmanship then again, shows an adjustment in the individuals however more so a relapse as I would see it. It was Inspired by the way of life of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It was the recovery of great artifact and depended on the standards of effortlessness and evenness. It required from the craftsman a great deal of request and limitation, causing them to must be specialized to accomplish flawlessness. The compositions that emerged during this time were clear, cleaned, all in congruity, and parity. They utilized sharp hues and depicted perfect bodies, and focused on association. The craftsmanship here shows how the individuals were falling back to an increasingly brought together and controlled government, the white collar class was not, at this point poor and starving and they adjusted again to a creature however progressively straightforward style of extravagant times.In both these timespans I saw the unmistakable and dynamic difference in the individuals. Their specialty mirrored the force battle of their nation just as to whom was uncharged of the dominant part at that point. Lose Your Lover ay vicinitys En I thought of workmanship, I considered it to be a statement of someones creative mind. To some extent, I Nas right, yet generally that isn't all craftsmanship speaks to. Workmanship speaks to the Nay individuals respond and change in context just as in suspected. It depicts theirChange of both political and monetary goals of the individuals and how they express illumination. This style of craftsmanship is regularly alluded to as Late Baroque since it occurred in counter of the past elaborate workmanship style. Extravagant workmanship is the response differentiate it was Jocular, flowery, and agile. It utilized smooth, pastel-like hues and differentiation between lavish craftsmanship and early ornate work of art, it depicts the incredible hatred relapse as I would like to think. It was motivated by the way of life of Ancient Greece and Uncharged of the greater part at that point.

Innocence Revolution and Proposals System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Innocence Revolution and Proposals System. Answer: Presentation: The Magna Carta is considered as one of the significant authoritative reports throughout the entire existence of the British. It is considered as the most significant established record ever. The Magna Carta which was known as Magna Carta Libertium is supposed to be initially drafted in Latin. There was an insubordination by aristocrat in the year 1215 because of number of occurrences, for example, the disagreeability with the subjects because of increment in charges and because of his bombed endeavors to recover the domain that he lost in Northern France. In spite of the fact that this kind of agitator was normal however this time the nobleman didn't have a replacement who can guarantee the position of authority. As Prince Arthur was missing so the main option in that circumstance was Prince Louis from France who had a feeble connection as a spouse to John's niece made him disliked for the royal position. So in such manner Baron was not content with the standard that John who as per them was not sticking to the Charter of freedoms. The Charter was figured by John's progenitors Henry I during his standard in the year 1100 which reinforced the lord with laws as to the treatment of the congregation official and respectable men[1]. Noble powerfully entered the Court of law with the assistance of Prince Louis and King Alexander II following a half year of bombed dealings. They entered the court on June 10, 1215. The ruler had to depend so as to detail a record which makes reference to new laws which got ordered from the date fifteenth July was known as the main form of Magna Carta[2]. The Jury are considered as the regard individual from the court who are liable for choosing in the wake of investigating the real factors that whether an individual is blameworthy or not of the offense that the individual is accused of. The jury experiences the proof to dissect the case and arrive at a resolution. Legal hearers are picked on irregular dependent on the discretionary rundown of the neighborhood. Any individual who beyond eighteen years old and is younger than seventy is qualified to turn into a jury. On the off chance that an individual is living in UK for as far back as five years, all things considered the individual is qualified for jury selection[3]. Certain individuals are precluded are as per the following: Individuals having mental clutters Individuals on bail for a criminal offense Individuals who have gotten a sentence of life detainment Individuals who have completed (inside the most recent 10 years) a jail sentence or Community Order Additionally, the Judge can establish that a person who isn't equipped for going about as a legal hearer can be released (for instance they cannot communicate in English). A jury has twelve individuals. They are picked in arbitrary premise in excess of twelve individuals will be brought to court then their names will be composed by the court official and their names will be picked on irregular premise. On the off chance that a legal hearer knows any individual who is associated with the case, all things considered the legal hearer needs to specify that the case in the legal hearer can't be an individual from that case. As the choice procedure closes then every single jury individuals will be sworn on their heavenly book. Connection among Jury and Judge If there should be an occurrence of the Crown Court in England and Wales where the cases that are being managed are intense in nature, so in such manner the appointed authorities deal with the preliminary and keep up the law, while the jury assesses the proof and chooses whether an individual is blameworthy or innocent[4]. The individuals from the jury before would go about as an observer to give data in regards to nearby issues however later on it developed where they are engaged with more noteworthy jobs. Presently a-days the jury assesses the confirmations that are being delivered in the court and on premise of their assessment reach a resolution. Their jobs have gotten significant as they assume a significant job in working of the lawful framework. For a situation law in the year 2001 the instance of Jack, Jury wrongdoing Juror unfortunate behavior is the point at which the law of the court is disregarded by an individual from the jury while a legal dispute is in movement or after it has arrived at a decision. For another situation of United Kingdom around the same time, 2001 the instance of Jackson v the province of Alabama one of the jury was discharge subsequent to posting something about the instance of his Face book page. Discipline for jury unfortunate behavior is a substitute is situated. In the event that there is no substitute, at that point a malfeasance is pronounced. A hung jury or stopped jury is a legal jury that can't concur upon a decision after stretched out consideration and can't arrive at the necessary unanimity or supermajority[5]. One acclaimed case that would be an incredible case of a hung jury would be that if the instance of Jodi Arias in 2013. Case depiction : Jodi Ariaswas indicted for killing he darling in 2008 in spite of the fact that the examiner were looking for capital punishment it took to jury after the first was consider gridlock to forget about capital punishment and just condemning her to life in jail with the perhaps of discharge following 25 years. This is the post-conviction phase of the criminal equity process, in which the litigant is brought under the watchful eye of the court for the burden of a penalty[6]. In the event that a litigant is indicted in a criminal arraignment, the occasion that follows the decision is called condemning. A sentence is the punishment requested by the court. For the most part, the essential objectives of condemning are discipline, discouragement, weakening, and restoration. In certain states, juries might be qualified for articulate sentence, yet in many states, and in government court, condemning is performed by an appointed authority. Case Description: In one of the instance of Ted Bundy which is one of the celebrated Sentencing cases that can consider which was Ted Bundy versus the province of Alabama one of the jury was discharge in the wake of posting something about the instance of his Facebook page. Discipline for jury offense is a substitute is situated. In the event that there is no substitute, at that point a legal blunder is declared[7]. Jury altering is a wrongdoing that happens when individuals inappropriately impact hearers. Members of the jury can likewise be inappropriately affected and at times by their own doing and without anybody carrying out a wrongdoing. Anyway it happens, ill-advised impact on members of the jury can viably fix a criminal case and result in another preliminary for the litigant. During a preliminary, an individual may not speak with a member of the jury about anything identified with the substance of the case. Regardless of how they do it, individuals who attempt to impact members of the jury are liable of jury altering. An exemplary case of altering is paying off or undermining a legal hearer to choose a case a specific way. Increasingly unobtrusive models are leaving legal hearers unknown notes, slipping them photos, and revealing to them data that has been avoided at preliminary. Courts don't need outside data or supposition about a case to impact legal hearers; the cases should be chosen the realities as introduced at preliminary, not on possibly untrustworthy, clueless, and unchallenged data originating from somewhere else. During a preliminary, attendants are told not to talk about the case with anybody outside of the court. To defy this guideline is to carry out attendant wrongdoing, which may get the hearer excused from the jury, yet by and large isnt a wrongdoing. Legal hearer offense is the point at which the law of the court is abused by an individual from the jury while a legal dispute is in movement or after it has arrived at a verdict[8]. Depiction of the Case-To give a model that in the year,2001 the instance of Jackson v the province of Alabama one of the jury was discharge in the wake of posting something about the instance of his Face book page. Discipline for jury unfortunate behavior is a substitute is situated. In the event that there is no substitute, at that point a malfeasance is declared[9]. How does hearer offense influence open certainty Presentation on juries have the enormous force on the lives of the individuals. Conceding them the force with the goal that they can legitimately communicate their confidence of the organization is the primary vision of the law based administration. The certainty on jury decisions can be reasonable, fair and exact. In the ongoing years there have been numerous worries that were raised and the jury framework and the imperativeness of the system[10]. One of the essential concerns was that the jury has gotten exceptionally wasteful and it will fill in as a channel on constrained legal assets. Concerns were raised about the quality and the honesty of the results that is reached by the juries. Numerous pundits accept that members of the jury are habitually one-sided, clumsy, and aloof, and thusly, render decisions that are deceitful and frequently low. Legal hearers as often as possible misjudge directions from the appointed authority on legitimate issues, neglect to review basic proof, and experience the ill effects of weariness and lack of concern during trials[11]. Especially in complex preliminaries, members of the jury experience difficulty appreciating the proof and that as a result hearer arrive at decisions that are self-assertive. At last, there is a worry over the boundless negative discernment that general society has of the jury framework It appears that the open frequently no longer trusts juries to render reasonable and principled decisions. Thus, the authenticity of the jury framework has been addressed by the media, individuals from the legitimate calling, and the open itself. Improving Jury Trials These worries have prompted proposition expected to improve the jury framework. A portion of those proposition center around the manner by which members of the jury are educated about the realities of the case so they are choosing, about the law[12]. This report inspects the three such proposition. The main proposition is that the attendants are permitted to address observer during the preliminary and permits the legal hearers to pose inquiries profoundly and this leaves from the conventional practice and this directs the jury sits latently and see the proof as attorneys present it. Reformers both all through the court feel that a progressively dynamic job for members of the jury could improve their capacity to choose cases proficiently and accurately[13]. The subsequent proposition would permit members of the jury to talk about the proof as it is introduced, as opposed to expecting them to shun conversation until they start formal thoughts toward the finish of the preliminary. The customary practice is to educate

Descartes Bacon and Matrix Midterm - Free Essay Example

The Anticipations of Nature are something to be weary about according to Francis Bacon because anticipations are typically based around the ideas of our idols, who likely have differing opinions or worldviews. These anticipations or assumptions about the laws of nature tend to excite us and fulfill our need for explanation about the world. Although most anticipations have little to no facts to back it up, our imaginations crave a deeper meaning to life and beyond. Religion is one great example of how the masses across the world anticipate the laws of nature based on stories and prophets rather than seeking the proven truth. Its in our nature to seek pleasure, so it makes sense that most people feel at ease when all of their notions and questions about life can be summed up into one perfectly packaged religion. Most people are drawn to a religion that affirms their own ideas about the world. Without facts, anticipating any law of nature is like the blind leading the blind. The idols of the tribe, cave, marketplace, and theatre that we look up to are not reliable sources of knowledge whatsoever because they most likely grew up with completely different backgrounds from our own. Views of the idols should be taken with a grain of salt because they are heavily prejudiced and influenced by their environment or other peoples views. Unlike anticipations, interpretations of nature are a bit more reliable but still hold us back from discovering new perspectives and information. Bacon prefers interpretations of nature over the anticipations because interpretations are usually formed according to evidence based on everyday events and our senses. Rather than accepting false information from prophets, Bacon believes that trial and error of the senses is a much more reliable way to find out the truth. Even though our senses arent the most reliable forms of information, it gives us much better insight into the truth about the world around us compared to finding the a nswers in religion and faith. Most people tend to assume that if something is universally experienced by the senses, it is fact. Yet, every single person has their own unique perspective of the world that is shaped by our experiences and are responsible for molding our views. Bacons main issue with interpretations of nature is that science has been interpreted into concrete laws or facts that hinder us from seeking new or conflicting knowledge about the world. When people stop coming up with new axioms about the world, we fail to make any progress and never see the faults in our old ways of thinking. Our more current and past scientific interpretations should be constantly re-evaluated and tested to ensure accuracy regarding our laws of nature. I personally agree with Bacon about interpretation over anticipation of the laws of nature. I derive more satisfaction out of knowing that an axiom has been tested and is universal instead of filling my brain with unproven, convenient fantasies. In Meditations on First Philosophy by Descartes, its clear that the author is doubting everything from science to religion and acting as a sort of mediator between the two ideas. The idea of dualism is a great tool to use in order to satisfy the perspective of the parties who support science and religion. Dualism shows us that the physical and mental realms can both peacefully exist together on Earth. Descartes is extremely skeptical of his own beliefs because he does not trust anything he learned in school or from others life experiences. He believes that what is taught to us in school is sometimes unnecessary, bias, or just contradicts other subjects being taught. Other unreliable sources of information come from trustworthy sources like lawyers, doctors, and politicians but typically stem from completely opposite perspectives from our own. Any information or knowledge coming from the external world is considered too bias or not based in facts and should be incessantly doubted. The concept of Radical Skepticism is to doubt literally everything and is a huge contributor of Descartes method. He believes that the only logical way to really determine if something is true is to doubt every part of it until the thought can no longer be doubted. Descartes method for finding the truth about the world makes a lot of sense to me after watching the Matrix and questioning whether or not the world around us is a simulation. Honestly, Im not skeptical whatsoever in comparison to the thoroughness of Descartes method for defeating skepticism. I cant even fathom trying to analyze and find truth in every single thing Ive learned in life up until this point. Theres so much media and false information being spewed at us constantly from all directions that no one even thinks to question most things anymore. Its almost impossible to distinguish fact from fiction when every news outlet on television and the internet is considered politically bias nowadays. Hence, as forward thinking human beings we should never accept the ideas and the realities around us as fact. We should be constantly questioning the basic principles around us and attempt to view them with an internal perspective. The writers of the famous science fiction movie, The Matrix delved into these topics. Specifically when Morpheus is attempting to teach Neo how our minds are much more powerful than we give credit, stating that, Have you ever had a dream, Neo, that you were so sure was real? What if you were unable to wake from that dream? How would you know the difference between the dream world and the real world? (Morpheus). Here, Morpheus is explaining to Neo that he must throw away everything he knows about the world and start thinking in this new fashion. If Neo is not able to accept these new ideas, he will eventually fall victim to the agents coming after him. These thoughts heavily correlate to Descartes fundamental thought process for skepticism. Descartes expla ins in his Discourse on the Method that building on the combined thoughts of others is a false way of thinking. One man is much more likely to reach truths about a society rather than a collective effort of clashing ideals. One will not able to prove certain truths by jumping to conclusions and not allowing oneself to open their mind to inconceivable realities. Also, just because these realities are difficult to understand and go against the norm, does not mean they are false. Rather as responsible members of society we must throw away our established, ungrounded opinions in order to truly prosper. Descartes doubts everything he once knew about the world in order to create a more concrete foundation for his work in philosophy. The cogito argument explains Descartes simple steps in figuring out how to determine that we actually exist in the world. Specifically, Descartes most famous phrase Cogito Ergo Sum simply means I think, therefore, I am. This phrase is considered the base and first item of knowledge, Descartes conveys this clearly when writing that without doubt I exist also if he deceives me, and let him deceive me as much as he will, he can never cause me to be nothing so long as I think that I am something. So that after having reflected well and carefully examined all things, we must come to the definite conclusion that this proposition: I am, I exist, is necessarily true (Descartes, 1-9). The author is explaining how even the notion of contemplating whether one exists is what makes them live. It is the process of thinking that allows one to exist. It is comical to not e that even when humans commit egregious acts of deception, the author is still able to come to the conclusion of our existence. Meaning that people would not be able to deceive or commit any terrible acts if we did not exist at all. It is our thought process as humans that gives us the ability to either love or hate. Additionally, Descartes explains how our senses and other external factors hindering our ability to distinguish what is true or not. So we must doubt and dissect all aspects of our lives with his lengthy method of doubt. Without radical skepticism, we choose to conform to other peoples preexisting notions of the world. Without thinking like an individual, we will never be able to truly understand or form new axioms about our surroundings. Furthermore, if we have the capacity to doubt something, it should be presumed false. If something is actually true, we must take the steps necessary to prove it beyond a reasonable doubt. The Watermark or Perfection argument explains how we are able to even perceive the idea of perfection if its something that does not exist on Earth. As a whole, humans are sinful by nature. We are all plagued by lust and gluttony that stems from our innate drive of selfishness. Since we are unable to comprehend perfection, then this idea of perfection must have come from an external source. Therefore, through the lense of Descartes, God must exist because only a perfect entity could shed light on excellence to a group of utterly imperfect souls. Descartes brings up this idea fluently throughout the third through sixth meditations, when writing that this it follows, not only that something cannot proceed from nothing, but likewise that what is more perfect that is to say, which has more reality within itself cannot proceed from the less perfect. And this is not only evidently true of those effects which possess actual or formal reality, but also of the ideas in which we consider merel y what is termed objective reality (Descartes, 1-15). Descartes is communicating that as being imperfect beings, we can not just use our own resources to attain perfection. Humanity as a whole is cursed with many flaws that can only be corrected through a higher power. Hence, I believe Descartes arguments are not only convincible, but just makes sense on most levels. By thinking, creating a mind and body connection, we can distinguish ourselves to be living. This thought process creates doubt, but it is human nature to doubt what has been told to us. we would not be human if we were not able to have individual thoughts. As productive members of society we should fixate on trying to prove our doubts so humanity can evolve and flourish. Also Descartes writing about perfection being from a divine source is most likely true as well. Humans are inherently selfish, therefore perfection may only be attained through a divine power. We look at these ideas of religion and science as being concrete but in reality they have been evolving steadily with the times. By doubting the mental and physical substances while also withholding his preference, he allows both fields to coexist. Galileo and Martin Luther both doubted issues and ideas about their society which they perceived to be false. Martin Luther ratifying the Catholic Church correlates to Descartes because he opposed the masses of the time and had original thought which derived from him being an individual. Galileo was a famous astronomer and pioneer of his time with his seemingly outlandish axioms about the Earth and solar system. Luther and Galileo both once doubted everything they had been taught regarding the physical or mental substances just like Descartes once did, which helped them develop the groundbreaking ideas that had never been fathomed before.

Homosexuality And Its Effects On Society - 1502 Words

Homosexuality has been defined and constructed around the character of sexual identity, whether by nature or nurture, biology or culture, genetics or environment. In researching this topic you will find that homosexuals were quite comfortable in Germany prior to 1933 and their persecution by the Nazi’s. The discrimination and persecutions of homosexual was traumatic and continued many years after German liberation, and even the unification of Germany. The term homosexuality did not seem to be present before 1869. A German-Hungarian campaigner by the name of Karoly Kertbeny published this terms first appearance. This man was known to be one of many that began the concept of sexual orientation. The idea of sexual orientation is the sexual attraction for someone of the same sex was a permanent and unchanging part of his or her personality (Mondimore, 1996). Throughout history we have seen the rise and falls of many powers. We know that the ancient view of homosexuality was that it was harmless the ancient Greeks depicted homosexuality in a different way. Sex was necessary, sexual pleasure was at the men’s disposal in a large array of forms. We see this because the concept of romantic love had yet to come about. The social acceptance of sexual acts between partners was not based on a person’s gender, but yet the traits they attribute (Beachy, 2010). Homosexuality continued to be practiced openly through the 11th centur y. Throughout the middle age open practices ofShow MoreRelatedHomosexuality And Its Effect On Society924 Words   |  4 Pages However, homosexuality can also be defined as a sin. First Corinthians 6:18, â€Å"Flee from sexual immorality. Every other sin a person commits is outside the body, but the sexual immoral person sins against his own body.† Many people look down on homosexuality because it is unmoral. This immorality caused great debates, and stirred up hatred between various individuals. Furthermore, these arguments forced homosexuals to fight for acceptance and equality across the nation. Homosexuality was anotherRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effect On Society896 Words   |  4 Pagesnecessary to write an article on the subject of homosexuality. It wasn’t a topic that was discussed in public, it was illegal, against the law and those who were engaged in any type of same sex relationship did so quietly and discreetly and largely away from the public eye. That was to change dramatically with the increase of Postmodernism, as a more tolerant and inclusive society emerged, the subject of homosexuality was brought out into the open and society had to deal with it. At first there was a clearRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesMany people believe and have debated whether or not homosexuality is a choice that one freely makes, while others believe a combination of genetics, hormones and environment have a factor in one’s sexuality and sexual development. Homosexuality is something one cannot choose to be. Primarily, homosexuality can be defined as a romantic or sexual attraction that involves people of the same gender. Male homosexuals are referred to as gays while the female ones are called lesbians. Ideally, since timeRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society1387 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality remains a sensitive matter to the heart of individuals in America. From the past to the present, protests, debates, and laws have showered American history, showing a divided nation to eyes from the outside. However, with the growing exposure to homosexuality in this nation, it is becoming more clear that Americans are expressing and accepting it as a society norm. Of course, this spectacle started way back when Moses scribbled down the Lord’s word and created the book of LeviticusRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society Essay870 Words   |  4 Pages Homosexuality is genetic! How can this statement be true? It is indeed true in the precise fact that Romans 3:23 points out, â€Å"For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.† Humanity has been cursed with being genetically embedded with sin and a sinful nature. The current worldview is that homosexuality and multiple sexual orientations come from nature, and not nurture. This viewpoint is correct in that it is human nature to sin and seek out one’s own selfish desire. On ly, what is not beingRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effect On Society Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesHomosexuality has existed going back to 600 BC or maybe even longer. It was never accepted in cultures all over the world until 2000. In recent years the United States has legally accepted same sex marriage by a Supreme Court ruling. The reasoning behind why it was never accepted were various different reasons. Some of those reasons are tied into religion, taboo due to the norms, or from an individual’s personality. From these major reasons, it has caused homosexuals to be discriminated from verbalRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society2470 Words   |  10 Pages Homosexuality is genetic! How can this statement be true? It is indeed true in the precise fact that Romans 3:23 points out, â€Å"for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,† Humanity has been cursed with being genetically embedded with sin and a sinful nature. The current worldview i s that homosexuality and multiple sexual orientations come from nature, and not nurture. This viewpoint is correct in that it is human nature to sin and seek out one’s own selfish desire. However, No one isRead MoreHomosexuality Is Not a Psychological Disorder Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesHomosexuality is not a psychological disorder†¦ In the past, homosexuality was considered to be a psychological disorder, up until the APA removed it from its list of mental illnesses. This was due to the fact that homosexuality causes no form of impairment on the individual’s judgment, stability, reliability, or general social and or vocational abilities. This decision made over 30 years ago, has caused a lot of criticism, many believe that the APA’s decision was made due to the amount of influenceRead MoreThe Relationship Between Religious Institutions And Society1456 Words   |  6 Pagesresolution within the Catholic Church about homosexuality has also reopened the original debate on the propriety of a coexisting homosexual Christian. This has been a concern in not only the Catholic Church, but sub-religions within the entire Christian community. It is interesting to comprehend the relationship between religious organizations and society—mainly how one influences the other in doctrines, values, and belief s, specifically in regards to homosexuality. Regarding the relationship betweenRead MoreThe s Natural Law Theory1219 Words   |  5 Pagesadapting to society s views by my fellow classmate’s discussions and posts. The specific challenges that I will discuss are: Birth control, cloning, genetic engineering, and homosexuality. Hopefully by the end of this paper I would have given you enough explanation to why I agree or disagree with these scientific enhancements that are occurring in the world today. In order to get my point across I will discuss the challenges in a different view, why they are considered moral in today’s society, and why

To Sleep is to Dream - 1120 Words

I have often had dreams that were so real and vivid, that I was unable to tell if they truly happened or occurred in my dreams. Sleeping is very important to everyone. Without proper sleep, the body’s immune system can begin to fail, and then one will become more susceptible to virus, illnesses, and disease. Even when we are asleep, the human mind does not completely sleep. When we are asleep, we tend to tune out environmental sounds that occur when we sleep. For example, I live near a freeway, yet the sounds of it never wake me. The auditory cortex in our brains respond to stimuli even when we are asleep. For example, I can always wake up when one of my children calls my name while I am in a deep slumber. There have been many studies and observations on individuals while they are asleep. These studies are done on individuals who have sleep disorders. There are four phases of sleep, and when one does not get the proper sleep, physical and mental issues will occur. Our bodies work in tides, and our minds and bodies fluctuate. When our bodies seem to synchronize with the 24-hour day, it is referred to as the circadian rhythm. It is the biological clock that tells us when it is day time we are awake, and night time is when we are supposed to sleep. Age and experience can affect the circadian rhythm, and I see this in myself. For instance, when I was in my teens and twenty’s, I had no problem staying up all night, whether it was working a graveyard shift, orShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sleeps and Dreams: Why Do We Sleep and Dream?741 Words   |  3 Pagesabout the Sleeps and dreams topic. It will be segmented into different parts, but I will first describe the basics of the sleeping and dreaming, why it happens and how. After that I will describe the different types of sleep which are REM (Rapid eye movement) and NON-REM. Other topics that will be discussed are the biological clock, consciousness and alerted, how much sleep does the body n eed, treatments and problems such as insomnia, sleep apnea and narcolepsy. Firstly, why do we need sleep? Our body’sRead MoreDreams and Sleep Cycle Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagestheir heads down to sleep. Many people hoping for an escape from their chaotic lives, wishing to slip away into a fantasy world that is not based in their own reality. There is a great deal of research on the topic of dreams being fantasy versus a subconscious reality. Do we only dream what we know we could never do with our conscious mind or is it all just outlandish fantasies that will never come to life? 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Business and Corporation Law Commercial Service

Question: Describe about the Business and Corporation Law for Commercial Service. Answer: 1. Case Overview The provided case scenario is related with a business contract of selling a sports car. The term contract is an agreement between two or more people, which is enforceable by law (New Age International, 2008). However, the contract is said to be void unless there is a consideration from both the parties in it (MacMillan, Stone, 2012). Concerning the case, Jane the first party has decided to sell the sports cars with a particular value, which is accepted by the other party Jack, as it is considered to be a profitable deal. Evaluation of provided Situations Situations A Contract is an optional arrangement between the parties including essential elements to enforce it at law. In this contracts or agreements parallel to elements certain other factors are also keystone in making it enforceable. Consideration is one of those primary factors through which the contract can become legally accepted (MacMillan Stone, 2012). According to the situation (a) of question-1, Jane wanted to sell her Lotus Super 7 sport car to Jack. The market value of the cars is estimated to be around $25000 based on which Jack has accepted the offer. From the theoretical perspective, it is stated that the contract must include certain essential elements such as valid agreement, offer or proposal, amount, considerations and acceptance (Pearson, 2009). Jane has offered her car to Jack, wherein she did not mentioned any amount, while on the other hand Jack has accepted the offer, but still not provided any final or decided amount to Jane. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that an offer is considered to be a promise with certain conditions that proposes a valid exchange (Mcgrawhill, 2007). Thus, taking the reference from the stated fact and the case scenario, it is observed that offer needs to include certain criterion to convert it into an agreement along with proper consideration (California State University Northridge, 2 001). From this perspective, it can be affirmed that Jane although offered Jack, there is still lack of communication as well as fulfilment of every criterion, as they did not include any proper amount without which an agreement cannot be enforceable. In addition to this, it is also in doubt, whether Jack will be agreed to the amount offered by Jane, as he has no knowledge about the excepted amount of Jane for her car while accepting her offer. Apart from this, it is also stated that an offer cannot be applicable without the amount or any other exchanges, as it is the key element in an agreement. Hence, based on the above evaluation, it can be asserted that in the proposal or offer made between Jack and Jane lack proper consideration, as the consideration was made prior to including important elements. Situations B Based on the situation (b) of question-1, it can be affirmed that the case includes an agreement between the parties, who are willing to create an enforceable contract. In the provided case scenario, Jane has offered her car in $25000 to Jack, which is the market value of the car and Jack accepted the proposal accordingly. Concerning the required elements of a contract or agreements, it is observed that by mentioning the market value of the cars and its conditions, Jane has made a clear description of her offer, defining terms of the contract. In this regard, the term of contract plays a vital part in setting the objectives of an agreement as well as in maintaining transparency in the deal or transaction along with setting the responsibilities of each party involved in agreement (Weitzenboeck, 2012). From the perspective of Jack, it is worth mentioning that he has the opportunity to agree with the offer after obtaining knowledge regarding the terms of Jane. Jane has expressed her terms clearly to Jack based on which Jack has accepted the offer and shows his willingness to enter into the contract. Acceptance is considered as the expression of agreement to the terms made by offeree (Mallor, 2001). Taking the references from the case, it is evident that Jack has communicated his acceptance on the offer made by the Jane by accepting the terms of the contract. Thus, t can be stated that in this particular case the consideration has provided on the basis of terms and conditions. Situations C According to the provided scenario in the situation (b) of question-1, Jane has offered to sell her Lotus Super 7 sports car at the price of $2500, which is accepted by Jack, whereas the market value of the car is expected to be around $25000. Here, Jane has changed the amount and reduced it from the market value. Concerning ethical standards or rules, it is stated that if a purchaser purchase any asset in lower amount then they have to provide a proper justification while providing sales tax. In this regard, if Jack failed to justify the transaction the sales tax commission will charge tax based on the blue book amount (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, 2005). However, it is assumed that Jack still has an opportunity to provide his opinion in the deal as well as change it accordingly. Apart from this, they did not entered into an agreement, which further support the decision of Jack. From a theoretical perspective, the agreements may be altered without a fresh procurement process instead of the monetary value, which has been provided in the active agreements. This modification can only be done in certain parts of the agreement without altering the overall nature of the contract (Crown Commercial Service, 2016). Jane has only altered the price of the car, wherein other terms of the agreement have not modified. In addition to this, Jack has also accepted the new modified term in which got an opportunity to pay comparatively lesser amount for the car. Based on the evaluation, it can be stated that the proposal offered by Jane is an enforceable contract, as it has ensured the presence of consideration of both the parties. The elements of the contract were agreed by both the parties, which satisfy the requirements to enter into an agreement. Jane has successfully communicated with Jack regarding the terms and conditions of the contract based on which Jack has also accepted the offer in a correct manner. Consideration process has been equally followed in order to make a valid contract, wherein acceptance of Jack played an important role in carrying out the agreements. In the entire situation, Jack has shown his willingness to participate in the agreement without interfering in the process of contract, which indicated the effectiveness of the contract. 2: Case Overview In the provided case scenario in the question - 2, the contract formation has been evident between the shipbuilder and the purchaser. A shipbuilder had been hired to build tanker for the North Ocean Tankers. They entered into an agreement, wherein the terms of the contract do not include any provisions for change in the value of the currency during the period of contract. At the middle of the construction process of tankers, the currency value of US dollars has depreciated by 10% and as a matter of fact, the ship builder has to face a loss in the contract. The shipbuilder demanded extra three million US dollar to continue the construction and the purchaser paid accordingly as he has no option other than to pay the extra amount. Evaluation of Case through IRAC Form Issue The issue here is the excess amount paid to the shipbuilder by the buyer, which was not included in the agreement. The buyer and shipbuilder entered into the contract of making the tankers after having knowledge on the terms and agreed on it. In this regard, it can be affirmed that when two or more person entered into an agreement after communicating or accepting all the terms and conditions, then both the parties are bound to follow the same. A legally enforceable contract binds the parties, who have entered in the agreement (Nunan, 2010). According to the view presented in the above case scenario, both shipbuilder and buyer have come into a common understanding initially, while forming the contract. However, after formation of the contract the shipbuilder modified the terms by demanding extra amount for the work, which though was not agreed by the purchaser. Based on the stated situation, it is observed that a breach of contract has been identified between the contractor and contractee. The legally enforceable contract has certain limitations, wherein both the parties need to have knowledge regarding every term and agreed to each terms accordingly. In addition to this, if any of the parties tried to violate any rules or do not follow the conditions provided in the contract, then it will be termed as breach of contract (Ohio State Bar Association, 2010). Fulfilment of the terms and conditions need to be done by both the parties. However, in the provided case, one of the parties i.e. the shipbuilder has failed to follow the terms of the agreement. Thus, the issues in this case are evident whether the scenario can be termed as breach of contract as well as the purchaser has an opportunity to recover the excess amount from the shipbuilder. Rule Breach of contract is identified as a legal principle for addressing the problem, wherein breach is considered to be the deliberate attempt made by the parties to take certain advantages or to avoid difficulties in an unethical manner (Kogelenberg, 2014). According to the case, the shipbuilder took the advantage from the purchaser by charging an extra amount for delivering the tankers in the scheduled time. In an agreement violation, the innocent party can claim the damages for loss only after conducting breach of contract, as suggested in Hadley v. Baxendale (1854) (Weitzenbck, 2012). The remedy for the breach of contract is suggested that the party, who faced the damage or harm, can recover the damages legally from the other party. The affected party can force the other party to continue with the contract with the support of legal actions that can be taken against the party for altering the terms of the contract without communicating or taking consideration as well. The party, who experienced the damage can claim the loss through the notification provided from the court after complaining against the other party (Ohio State Bar Association, 2010). Taking the references from the stated fact in this specific case, it can be suggested that the purchaser can recover the amount from the shipbuilder on the basis of breach of contract by taking legal actions. The usual solution for the damage caused by the breach of contract is to pay the money for the loss (Pearce Halson, 2007). There is a liability of the person, who breached the contract to pay the amount for the actual damage experienced by the injured party. Thus, in the similar context, it is a liability of the shipbuilder to pay the extra amount to the purchaser paid for the continuation of the construction. Application The buyer in this case in considered as the innocent party, who suffered a loss, as the other party violated the contract. The compensation for the breach of contract put both the parties in a position to continue with the contract (Johnson, 2014). There are two forms of damages occurred during the breach namely direct and indirect (Williams, 2006). The damage caused by alternation in contract or disruption in contract can be recovered as mentioned in Merrit-Chapman Scott Corp. vs. United States, 429 F So. 431 (Ct. Cl. 1970 (Williams, 2006). Based on the above case, it is possible for the buyer to recover his excess amount from the shipbuilder by taking legal actions, wherein the shipbuilder is bound to return the extra amount. Conclusion Contract binds the parties legally to perform the accepted terms included in the agreement. The shipbuilder charged an extra amount from the buyer for a reason of currency value fluctuation due to which he has to face loss in construction. However, on the other extra payment to the shipbuilder compels the buyer to experience a loss. Even after facing similar condition, the shipbuilder is liable to pay the compensation for the act of breach as the fact was not included in the agreement earlier. To maintain a legal contract, both the parties must have clarified their doubts prior to entering into an agreement. Thus, it can be concluded that while entering into a contract clear illustration of terms and conditions is the most suitable and essential factor for both the parties. References California State University Northridge 2001, Understand the roles of offer and acceptance in the formation of a contract, Jane Mallor, Business Law in the Regulatory Environment, pp.1-7. Crown Commercial Service 2016, Guidance on amendments to contracts during their term, The Public Contracts Regulations, pp. 1-9. Johnson, L, D 2014, Breach of contract claims in construction cases, Principles of Contract Law, pp. 1-25. Kogelenberg, M, V 2014, Deliberate breach of contract and consequences for remedies: exploration of a neglected area in the law of contract, Defining Deliberate Breach of Contract: Possible and/or Desirable?, pp. 144-161. MacMillan, C Stone, R 2012, Elements of the law of contract, University of London, pp. 1-52. Mallor, J 2001, Understanding the roles of offer and acceptance in the formation of a contract, Business Law and the Regulatory Environment, pp. 1-7. Mcgrawhill 2007, Formation of a valid contract, Legal Fundamental, pp. 62-99. New Age International 2008. Law of contracts. Nature of Contract, pp. 1-19. Nunan, N 2010, What is a contract?, Barry F. Cosier Associates, pp. 1-5. Ohio State Bar Association 2010, Contracts, Remedies for Breach of Contract, pp.77-86. Pearce, D Halson, R 2007, Damages for breach of contract: compensation, restitution, and vindication, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. pp. 1-30. Pearson 2009, The formation of a contract, Offer and Acceptance, pp. 9-51. United Nations Commission on International Trade Law 2005, General provisions, UNCITRAL Model Law on Procurement of Goods, Construction and Services with Guide to Enactment, pp.1-101. Weitzenbck, E, M 2012, Damages, Norwegian Research Center for Computers Law, pp. 1-18. Weitzenboeck, M, E 2012, English law of contract: terms of contract, Norwegian Research Center for Computers Law, pp. 1-19. Williams, S 2006, Recovery of damages: types of damage and methods of proof, Young Williams P.A, pp. 1-12.